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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on December 28, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2006 16(11):1645-1652; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj101
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Not All False Memories Are Created Equal: The Neural Basis of False Recognition

Rachel J. Garoff-Eaton1, Scott D. Slotnick2 and Daniel L. Schacter1

1 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, 2 Department of Psychology, Boston College, McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA

Address correspondence to Rachel J. Garoff-Eaton, Department of Psychology, William James Hall, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Email: garoff{at}fas.harvard.edu.

False recognition, a type of memory distortion where one claims to remember something that never happened, can occur in response to items that are similar but not identical to previously seen items (i.e., related false recognition) or in response to novel items (i.e., unrelated false recognition). It is unknown whether these 2 types of memory errors arise from the same or distinct neural substrates. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the neural activity associated with true recognition, related false recognition, and unrelated false recognition for abstract shapes. True recognition and related false recognition were associated with similar patterns of neural activity, including activity in the prefrontal cortex, the parietal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe. By contrast, unrelated false recognition was associated with activity in language-processing regions. These results indicate that false recognition is not a unitary phenomenon, but rather can reflect the operation of 2 distinct cognitive and neural processes.

Key Words: false memory • fMRI • memory • retrieval • visual memory


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