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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on December 28, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2006 16(11):1631-1644; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj100
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in Inferior Temporal Cortex

David J. Freedman1,2,3,4, Maximilian Riesenhuber5, Tomaso Poggio3,6 and Earl K. Miller1,2,3

1 The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, 2 RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, 3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, 4 Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, 5 Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA, 6 Center for Biological and Computational Learning and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Address correspondence to David J. Freedman, 220 Longwood Avenue WAB 222, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: david_freedman{at}hms.harvard.edu.

Whereas much is known about the visual shape selectivity of neurons in the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), less is known about the role of visual learning in the development and refinement of ITC shape selectivity. To address this, we trained monkeys to perform a visual categorization task with a parametric set of highly familiar stimuli. During training, the stimuli were always presented at the same orientation. In this experiment, we recorded from ITC neurons while monkeys viewed the trained stimuli in addition to image-plane rotated versions of those stimuli. We found that, concomitant with the monkeys' behavioral performance, neuronal stimulus selectivity was stronger for stimuli presented at the trained orientation than for rotated versions of the same stimuli. We also recorded from ITC neurons while monkeys viewed sets of novel and familiar (but not explicitly trained) randomly chosen complex stimuli. We again found that ITC stimulus selectivity was sharper for familiar than novel stimuli, suggesting that enhanced shape tuning in ITC can arise for both passively experienced and explicitly trained stimuli.

Key Words: categorization • inferior temporal cortex • learning • object recognition • vision


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