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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on September 1, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(6):681-695; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh169
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 6 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

A Distributed Left Hemisphere Network Active During Planning of Everyday Tool Use Skills

Scott H. Johnson-Frey1, Roger Newman-Norlund2 and Scott T. Grafton2

1 Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA and 2 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3569, USA

Address correspondence to Scott H. Johnson-Frey, 1227 Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA. Email: shfrey{at}darkwing.uoregon.edu.

Determining the relationship between mechanisms involved in action planning and/or execution is critical to understanding the neural bases of skilled behaviors, including tool use. Here we report findings from two fMRI studies of healthy, right-handed adults in which an event-related design was used to distinguish regions involved in planning (i.e. identifying, retrieving and preparing actions associated with a familiar tools' uses) versus executing tool use gestures with the dominant right (experiment 1) and non-dominant left (experiment 2) hands. For either limb, planning tool use actions activates a distributed network in the left cerebral hemisphere consisting of: (i) posterior superior temporal sulcus, along with proximal regions of the middle and superior temporal gyri; (ii) inferior frontal and ventral premotor cortices; (iii) two distinct parietal areas, one located in the anterior supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and another in posterior SMG and angular gyrus; and (iv) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC). With the exception of left DLFPC, adjacent and partially overlapping sub-regions of left parietal, frontal and temporal cortex are also engaged during action execution. We suggest that this left lateralized network constitutes a neural substrate for the interaction of semantic and motoric representations upon which meaningful skills depend.

Key Words: fMRI • gesture • inferior parietal lobule • praxis • tool use


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