Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on September 1, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(5):646-653; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh166
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 5 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
Hearing Lips: Gamma-band Activity During Audiovisual Speech Perception
1 MEG-Center, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and 2 Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Address correspondence to Jochen Kaiser, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Gartenstrasse 29, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. Email: jochen.kaiser{at}uni-tuebingen.de.
Auditory pattern changes have been shown to elicit increases in magnetoencephalographic gamma-band activity (GBA) over left inferior frontal cortex, forming part of the putative auditory ventral ‘what’ processing stream. The present study employed a McGurk-type paradigm to assess whether GBA would be associated with subjectively perceived changes even when auditory stimuli remain unchanged. Magnetoencephalograms were recorded in 16 human subjects during audiovisual mismatch perception. Both infrequent visual (auditory /ta/ + visual /pa/) and acoustic deviants (auditory/pa/ + visual /ta/) were compared with frequent audiovisual standards (auditory /ta/ and visual /ta/). Statistical probability mapping revealed spectral amplitude increases at 
75 and 78 Hz to visual deviants. GBA to visual deviants peaked 160 ms after auditory stimulus onset over posterior parietal cortex, at 270 ms over occipital areas and at 320 ms over left inferior frontal cortex. The latter GBA enhancement was consistent with the increase observed previously to pure acoustic mismatch, supporting a role of left inferior frontal cortex for the representation of perceived auditory pattern change. The preceding gamma-band changes over posterior areas may reflect processing of incongruent lip movements in visual motion areas and backprojections to earlier visual cortex.
Key Words: auditory ventral stream • inferior frontal cortex • magnetoencephalography • McGurk • oscillatory activity
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