Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on September 1, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(5):545-551; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh155
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 5 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
The Neural Circuitry of Pre-attentive Auditory Change-detection: An fMRI Study of Pitch and Duration Mismatch Negativity generators
1 The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA and 2 Departments of Neuroscience & Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10462, USA
Address correspondence to John J. Foxe or Sophie Molholm, The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962 foxe{at}nki.rfmh.org or molholm{at}nki.rfmh.org.
Electrophysiological studies have revealed a pre-attentive change-detection system in the auditory modality. This system emits a signal termed the mismatch negativity (MMN) when any detectable change in a regular pattern of auditory stimulation occurs. The precise intracranial sources underlying MMN generation, and in particular whether these vary as a function of the acoustic feature that changes, is a matter of some debate. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that anatomically distinct networks of auditory cortices are activated as a function of the deviating acoustic feature — in this case, tone frequency and tone duration — strongly supporting the hypothesis that MMN generators in auditory cortex are feature dependent. We also detail regions of the frontal and parietal cortices activated by change-detection processes. These regions also show feature dependence and we hypothesize that they reflect recruitment of attention-switching mechanisms.
Key Words: auditory • change-detection • fMRI • MMN • pre-attentive
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