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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(5):535-544; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh153
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 5 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

ERP Correlates of Feedback and Reward Processing in the Presence and Absence of Response Choice

Nick Yeung1, Clay B. Holroyd1 and Jonathan D. Cohen1,2

1 Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA and 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

Address correspondence to Nick Yeung, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Email: nyeung{at}cmu.edu.

The feedback negativity is a component of the event-related brain potential that is elicited by feedback stimuli associated with unfavorable outcomes. The present research investigated whether this component reflects an evaluation of the valence of experienced outcomes or a process of learning about actions that led to those outcomes. The latter hypothesis predicts that the feedback negativity should be observed only when negative outcomes are experienced in relation to executed actions. Contrary to this prediction, feedback negativities were observed in simple monetary gambling tasks in which participants made no active choices (experiment 1) and no overt actions (experiment 2). However, the amplitude of the component was reduced in these tasks relative to a gambling task in which the outcomes appeared to be contingent upon participants' response choices. This reduction was correlated with changes in participants' subjective ratings of involvement in the tasks, suggesting that the evaluative process indexed by the feedback negativity is sensitive to the motivational significance of ongoing events.

Key Words: anterior cingulate cortex • error-related negativity • ERN • evaluation • medial frontal negativity • P300


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