Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on March 23, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(12):2003-2012; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi075
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Frontal Lobe Mechanisms that Resolve Proactive Interference
1 Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, 2 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA and 3 Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH/MIT/HMS, Charlestown, MA, USA
Address correspondence to David Badre, Psychology Department, Jordan Hall, Bldg 420, Mail Code 2130, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Email: badred{at}mit.edu.
Memory of a past experience can interfere with processing during a subsequent experience, a phenomenon termed proactive interference (PI). Neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence implicate the left mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (mid-VLPFC) in PI resolution during short-term item recognition, though the precise mechanisms await specification. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment sought to further constrain theorizing regarding PI resolution. On each trial, subjects maintained a target set of words, and then decided if a subsequent probe was contained in the target set (positive) or not (negative). Importantly, for half of the negative and half of the positive trials, the probe had been contained in the previous target set (recent). Relative to non-recent trials, negative–recent trials produced an increase in response times and error rates, behavioral markers of PI. In fMRI measures, negative recency was associated with increased activation in the left mid-VLPFC, as well as in the bilateral fronto-polar cortex, providing evidence for multiple components in PI resolution. Furthermore, recency effects were evident during both negative and positive trials, with the magnitude of the recency effect in the mid-VLPFC being greater on negative trials. Collectively, these results serve to specify and constrain proposed models of PI resolution.
Key Words: cognitive control • episodic memory • executive function • prefrontal cortex • working memory
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