Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on February 9, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(11):1676-1689; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi044
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regional Brain Changes in Aging Healthy Adults: General Trends, Individual Differences and Modifiers
1 Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry St, 226 Knapp Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA 2 Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany, 3 School of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, 4 Department of Psychology, Washington University, Saint-Louis, MI, USA, 5 Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA and 6 Baptist Memorial Hospital-East, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Address correspondence to N. Raz, Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry St, 226 Knapp Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Email: nraz{at}wayne.edu.
Brain aging research relies mostly on cross-sectional studies, which infer true changes from age differences. We present longitudinal measures of five-year change in the regional brain volumes in healthy adults. Average and individual differences in volume changes and the effects of age, sex and hypertension were assessed with latent difference score modeling. The caudate, the cerebellum, the hippocampus and the association cortices shrunk substantially. There was minimal change in the entorhinal and none in the primary visual cortex. Longitudinal measures of shrinkage exceeded cross-sectional estimates. All regions except the inferior parietal lobule showed individual differences in change. Shrinkage of the cerebellum decreased from young to middle adulthood, and increased from middle adulthood to old age. Shrinkage of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortices, the inferior temporal cortex and the prefrontal white matter increased with age. Moreover, shrinkage in the hippocampus and the cerebellum accelerated with age. In the hippocampus, both linear and quadratic trends in incremental age-related shrinkage were limited to the hypertensive participants. Individual differences in shrinkage correlated across some regions, suggesting common causes. No sex differences in age trends except for the caudate were observed. We found no evidence of neuroprotective effects of larger brain size or educational attainment.
Key Words: cortex • hippocampus • hypertension • latent change models • white matter
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. R. Samanez-Larkin and M. D'Esposito Group comparisons: imaging the aging brain Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, September 1, 2008; 3(3): 290 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. A. Dennis, H. Kim, and R. Cabeza Age-related Differences in Brain Activity during True and False Memory Retrieval J. Cogn. Neurosci., August 1, 2008; 20(8): 1390 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Duverne, S. Motamedinia, and M. D. Rugg The Relationship between Aging, Performance, and the Neural Correlates of Successful Memory Encoding Cereb Cortex, July 24, 2008; (2008) bhn122v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Savic and P. Lindstrom From the Cover: PET and MRI show differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional connectivity between homo- and heterosexual subjects PNAS, July 8, 2008; 105(27): 9403 - 9408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Mapstone, K. Dickerson, and C. J. Duffy Distinct mechanisms of impairment in cognitive ageing and Alzheimer's disease Brain, June 1, 2008; 131(6): 1618 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. R. Jack Jr, S. D. Weigand, M. M. Shiung, S. A. Przybelski, P. C. O'Brien, J. L. Gunter, D. S. Knopman, B. F. Boeve, G. E. Smith, and R. C. Petersen Atrophy rates accelerate in amnestic mild cognitive impairment Neurology, May 6, 2008; 70(19_Part_2): 1740 - 1752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Weiler, C. Bellebaum, and I. Daum Aging affects acquisition and reversal of reward-based associative learning Learn. Mem., April 1, 2008; 15(4): 190 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Bayley, J. T. Wixted, R. O. Hopkins, and L. R. Squire Yes/No Recognition, Forced-choice Recognition, and the Human Hippocampus. J. Cogn. Neurosci., March 1, 2008; 20(3): 505 - 512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Raz, U. Lindenberger, P. Ghisletta, K. M. Rodrigue, K. M. Kennedy, and J. D. Acker Neuroanatomical Correlates of Fluid Intelligence in Healthy Adults and Persons with Vascular Risk Factors Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2008; 18(3): 718 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Hugenschmidt, A. M. Peiffer, R. A. Kraft, R. Casanova, A. R. Deibler, J. H. Burdette, J. A. Maldjian, and P. J. Laurienti Relating Imaging Indices of White Matter Integrity and Volume in Healthy Older Adults Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2008; 18(2): 433 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Pieperhoff, L. Homke, F. Schneider, U. Habel, N. J. Shah, K. Zilles, and K. Amunts Deformation Field Morphometry Reveals Age-Related Structural Differences between the Brains of Adults up to 51 Years J. Neurosci., January 23, 2008; 28(4): 828 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Soei and I. Daum Course of relational and non-relational recognition memory across the adult lifespan Learn. Mem., January 3, 2008; 15(1): 21 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. F. Fotenos, M. A. Mintun, A. Z. Snyder, J. C. Morris, and R. L. Buckner Brain Volume Decline in Aging: Evidence for a Relation Between Socioeconomic Status, Preclinical Alzheimer Disease, and Reserve Arch Neurol, January 1, 2008; 65(1): 113 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E V SULLIVAN and A PFEFFERBAUM Neuroradiological characterization of normal adult ageing Br. J. Radiol., December 1, 2007; 80(Special_Issue_2): S99 - S108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Sowell, B. S. Peterson, E. Kan, R. P. Woods, J. Yoshii, R. Bansal, D. Xu, H. Zhu, P. M. Thompson, and A. W. Toga Sex Differences in Cortical Thickness Mapped in 176 Healthy Individuals between 7 and 87 Years of Age Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2007; 17(7): 1550 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Bayley, R. O. Hopkins, and L. R. Squire The Fate of Old Memories after Medial Temporal Lobe Damage J. Neurosci., December 20, 2006; 26(51): 13311 - 13317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Daselaar, M. S. Fleck, I. G. Dobbins, D. J. Madden, and R. Cabeza Effects of Healthy Aging on Hippocampal and Rhinal Memory Functions: An Event-Related fMRI Study Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2006; 16(12): 1771 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Zimmerman, A. M. Brickman, R. H. Paul, S. M. Grieve, D. F. Tate, J. Gunstad, R. A. Cohen, M. S. Aloia, L. M. Williams, C. R. Clark, et al. The Relationship Between Frontal Gray Matter Volume and Cognition Varies Across the Healthy Adult Lifespan Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, October 1, 2006; 14(10): 823 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. F. Kramer, K. I. Erickson, and S. J. Colcombe Exercise, cognition, and the aging brain J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2006; 101(4): 1237 - 1242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Gerstorf, A. Herlitz, and J. Smith Stability of sex differences in cognition in advanced old age: the role of education and attrition. J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., July 1, 2006; 61(4): P245 - P249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|