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Cerebral Cortex March 2004; 14:231-246
© Oxford University Press 2004

The Parahippocampal Gyrus in the Baboon: Anatomical, Cytoarchitectonic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Studies

Xavier Blaizot1, Alino Martinez-Marcos1, Maria del Mar Arroyo-Jimenez1, Pilar Marcos1, Emilio Artacho-Pérula1, Monica Muñoz2, Chantal Chavoix3 and Ricardo Insausti1

1 Laboratory of Human Neuroanatomy, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CRIB), Albacete, Spain, 2 Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA, 3 Université de Basse Normandie, CHU de Caen, France

The parahippocampal gyrus, located at the medial temporal lobe, is a key structure in declarative memory processing. We have analyzed the general organization of the parahippocampal gyrus in the baboon, a nonhuman primate species relatively close to human. This region is rostrocaudally made up of the temporopolar, perirhinal, entorhinal (divided into seven subfields) and posterior parahippocampal (areas TH and TF) cortices. The basic analysis has been performed in three brains, serially sectioned and stained with thionin, myelin stain, acetylcholinesterase and parvalbumin, to determine cytoarchitectonic boundaries. Borders of all subfields were charted onto camera lucida drawings, and two-dimensional maps of the surface and topography of the parahippocampal gyrus were made. Finally, the limits of each parahippocampal area were then transposed on corresponding MR images (commonly used for in vivo PET or functional MRI activation studies) of two animals for precise identification. The general cytoarchitectonic features of the baboon parahippocampal gyrus are similar to macaques, but the size of temporopolar cortex and the laminar organization of perirhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices resemble humans more than macaque species. In conclusion, the size and structure of the baboon parahippocampal cortex makes this species very appropriate for experimental studies on memory function.


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