Cerebral Cortex February 2004; 14:215-223
© Oxford University Press 2004
Estrogen Replacement Increases Spinophilin-immunoreactive Spine Number in the Prefrontal Cortex of Female Rhesus Monkeys
1 Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories and Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA, 2 Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA, 3 California National Primate Research Center, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, 4 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA, 5 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA, 6 Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Presbyterian–St Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
While studies have shown that estrogen affects hippocampal spine density and function, behavioral studies in humans and nonhuman primates have also implicated the prefrontal cortex in the effects of estrogen on cognition. However, the potential for similar estrogen-induced increases in spines and synapses in the prefrontal cortex has not been investigated in primates. Moreover, it is not known if such an estrogen effect would be manifested throughout the neocortex or primarily in the regions involved in cognition. Therefore, we investigated the effects of estrogen on dendritic spines in the prefrontal and primary visual cortices of young rhesus monkeys. Young female monkeys were ovariectomized and administered either estradiol cypionate or vehicle by intramuscular injection. Using an antibody against the spine-associated protein, spinophilin, spine numbers were estimated in layer I of area 46 and in layer I of the opercular portion of area V1 (V1o). Spine numbers in layer I of area 46 were significantly increased (55%) in the ovariectomy + estrogen group compared to the ovariectomy + vehicle group, yet spine numbers in layer I of area V1o were equivalent across the two groups. The present results suggest that estrogen’s effects on synaptic organization influence select neocortical layers and regions in a primate model, and provide a morphological basis for enhanced prefrontal cortical functions following estrogen replacement.
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