Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on May 13, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2004 14(11):1226-1232; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh083
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© Oxford University Press 2004
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Sex-related Differences in a Gambling Task and Its Neurological Correlates
1 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, 3 Neuroimaging Research Branch, DHHS, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, 4 Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
We investigated sex-related differences in task performance and brain activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during performance of a decision-making task (the Iowa Gambling Task). When men and women were examined separately, men activated extensive regions of the right lateral OFC and right DLPFC, as well as the left lateral OFC. In contrast, women activated the left medial OFC. Examining sex differences directly, men showed better task performance and greater lateralized brain activity to the right hemisphere than women. This was exemplified by greater activation in a large area of the right lateral OFC of men during their performance of the Iowa Gambling Task. In contrast, women had greater activation in the left DLPFC, left medial frontal gyrus and temporal lobe during this task. Thus, brain mechanisms engaged by men and women when solving the same decision-making task are different. These observations indicate that sex-related differences contribute to the heterogeneity observed in both normal and abnormal brain functioning. These results also provide further evidence of sexual dimorphism in neurocognitive performance and brain function.
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