Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on May 27, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2004 14(11):1214-1225; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh082
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© Oxford University Press 2004
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Remembering Our Past: Functional Neuroanatomy of Recollection of Recent and Very Remote Personal Events
1 Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1, 2 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St-George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study brain regions implicated in retrieval of memories that are decades old. To probe autobiographical memory, family photographs were selected by confederates without the participant’s involvement, thereby eliminating many of the variables that potentially confounded previous neuroimaging studies. We found that context-rich memories were associated with activity in lingual and precuneus gyri independently of their age. By contrast, retrosplenial cortex was more active for recent events regardless of memory vividness. Hippocampal activation was related to the richness of re-experiencing (vividness) rather than the age of the memory per se. Remote memories were associated with distributed activation along the rostrocaudal axis of the hippocampus whereas activation associated with recent memories was clustered in the anterior portion. This may explain why circumscribed lesions to the hippocampus disproportionately affect recent memories. These findings are incompatible with theories of long-term memory consolidation, and are more easily accommodated by multiple-trace theory, which posits that detailed memories are always dependent on the hippocampus.
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