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Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 12, No. 8, 866-876, August 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Distributed Cortical Systems in Visual Short-term Memory Revealed by Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Matthias H.J. Munk1,*, David E.J. Linden1,2,*, Lars Muckli1, Heinrich Lanfermann3, Friedhelm E. Zanella3, Wolf Singer1 and Rainer Goebel4

1 Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Deutschordenstraße 46, D-60528 Frankfurt, Departments of , 2 Psychiatry and , 3 Neuroradiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany and , 4 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

Matthias H.J. Munk, Abteilung Neuro-physiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Deutschordenstraße 46, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. Email: munk{at}mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de.

The spatio-temporal distribution of brain activity as revealed by non-invasive functional imaging helps to elucidate the neuronal encoding and processing strategies required by complex cognitive tasks. We investigated visual short-term memory for objects, places and conjunctions in humans using event-related time-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging that permitted segregation of encoding, retention and retrieval phases. All conditions were accompanied by the activation of a widespread network of parietal and prefrontal areas during the retention phase, but this retention-related activity showed additional modulations depending on task instructions. These modulations confirmed a posterior — anterior and right — left dissociation for spatial versus non-spatial memory and revealed that conjunction memory does not rely on a linear addition of the component processes.


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