Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 12, No. 10, 1040-1047,
October 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Changes of Cortico-striatal Effective Connectivity during Visuomotor Learning
1 F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, , 2 Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK, , 3 Institut für Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany, , 4 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD and , 5 Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Dr Ivan Toni, F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Email: ivan.toni{at}fcdonders.kun.nl.
It has been suggested that the cortico-striatal system might play a crucial role in learning behavioural plans of action. We have tested this hypothesis by studying the dynamics of functional coupling among the neural elements of cortico-striatal circuitry. Human cerebral activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the learning of an associative visuomotor task. Structural equation modelling of regional fMRI time-series was used to characterize learning-related changes in effective connectivity. We report that learning to associate visual instructions with motor responses significantly altered cortico-striatal functional couplings. Specific learning-related increases of effective connectivity were found in temporo-striatal and fronto-striatal circuits. Connectivity among portions of the frontal cortex decreased as a function of learning. Temporo-frontal and parieto-frontal couplings were not altered during learning. We infer that novel visuomotor associations are established through the enhancement of specific cortico-striatal circuits, rather than through the alteration of direct temporo-frontal or parieto-frontal connectivity.
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