Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 10, No. 5, 512-528,
May 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Human Temporal Lobe Activation by Speech and Nonspeech Sounds
Department of Neurology and Department of Cellular Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Functional organization of the lateral temporal cortex in humans is not well understood. We recorded blood oxygenation signals from the temporal lobes of normal volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging during stimulation with unstructured noise, frequency-modulated (FM) tones, reversed speech, pseudowords and words. For all conditions, subjects performed a material- nonspecific detection response when a train of stimuli began or ceased. Dorsal areas surrounding Heschl's gyrus bilaterally, particularly the planum temporale and dorsolateral superior temporal gyrus, were more strongly activated by FM tones than by noise, suggesting a role in processing simple temporally encoded auditory information. Distinct from these dorsolateral areas, regions centered in the superior temporal sulcus bilaterally were more activated by speech stimuli than by FM tones. Identical results were obtained in this region using words, pseudowords and reversed speech, suggesting that the speech–tones activation difference is due to acoustic rather than linguistic factors. In contrast, previous comparisons between word and nonword speech sounds showed left-lateralized activation differences in more ventral temporal and temporoparietal regions that are likely involved in processing lexical–semantic or syntactic information associated with words. The results indicate functional subdivision of the human lateral temporal cortex and provide a preliminary framework for understanding the cortical processing of speech sounds.
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C. Narain, S. K. Scott, R. J.S. Wise, S. Rosen, A. Leff, S.D. Iversen, and P.M. Matthews Defining a Left-lateralized Response Specific to Intelligible Speech Using fMRI Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2003; 13(12): 1362 - 1368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. H. Fitch and P. Tallal Neural Mechanisms of Language-Based Learning Impairments: Insights from Human Populations and Animal Models Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, September 1, 2003; 2(3): 155 - 178. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. Burton, J. B. Diamond, and K. B. McDermott Dissociating Cortical Regions Activated by Semantic and Phonological Tasks: A fMRI Study in Blind and Sighted People J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2003; 90(3): 1965 - 1982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Warren and T. D. Griffiths Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch Sequences in the Human Auditory Brain J. Neurosci., July 2, 2003; 23(13): 5799 - 5804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. C. Hart, A. R. Palmer, and D. A. Hall Amplitude and Frequency-modulated Stimuli Activate Common Regions of Human Auditory Cortex Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2003; 13(7): 773 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Ahmad, L. M. Balsamo, B. C. Sachs, B. Xu, and W. D. Gaillard Auditory comprehension of language in young children: Neural networks identified with fMRI Neurology, May 27, 2003; 60(10): 1598 - 1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. T. Crinion, M. A. Lambon-Ralph, E. A. Warburton, D. Howard, and R. J. S. Wise Temporal lobe regions engaged during normal speech comprehension Brain, May 1, 2003; 126(5): 1193 - 1201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Davis and I. S. Johnsrude Hierarchical Processing in Spoken Language Comprehension J. Neurosci., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 3423 - 3431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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